Puritan Verse Twenty Century Deist Thinking - 2525 Words

Arthur P. Romero Instructor: Jonathan Cook ENG 231.190 –American Literature I 22 October 2014 Puritan verse eighteen century deist thinking Throughout history man’s view of God has constantly evolved. During the formation of America this is made evident when the 17th century Puritan idealism is confronted with 18th century Enlightenment. This collision of religious ideas would spark a change, and a new age in America. My research will shows the original American settlers had concepts and, emerging different understanding of the biblical scripture and, needed to come to grips with social and religious freedom from being exclusive to being more inclusive. Puritans traveled to New England in the early seventeenth century. They believed that economic and political force, and religious disagreements were creating a decline in English society. It is important to note that Puritans were non-separatists, meaning that â€Å"they wanted to reform the Church of England, not abandon it.†(Baym 165) The first colony that the Puritans set up was north of Plymouth, at Massachusetts Bay. However, after finding a gap in the charter they received from King Charles I the Puritans moved their capital to Salem, Massachusetts. John Winthrop, the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the Massachusetts Puritans sought to create their â€Å"City upon a hill† with laws and rules based on their religious rules. (Baym 177) A conservative hierarchical system was formed by Puritans based on God s will

The Community Of Mount Vernon - 1182 Words

Although Mount Vernon, Ohio is a small city, it contains a very caring and proactive community of people who want to help those in need. This attribute of the citizens of Mount Vernon can be clearly seen in the great number of services and shelters available to people in crisis situations. One of the services offered is the Winter Sanctuary, an emergency homeless shelter in Mount Vernon that provides the homeless with a place to stay during the frigid winter months. I spent two hours visiting this shelter along with one of my classmates, Faith Aleshire. We were able to speak with three homeless women at the shelter, and we learned a bit about their life stories. This experience has broadened my understanding of homelessness and how the†¦show more content†¦The harsh lifestyle that these women endured could be seen on each of the women’s faces, which looked worn and calloused from the cold. The women were wearing clothes that were clearly from a second-hand store, and they were wearing several layers of soft fabrics. The shelter provided several services to help these women get back on their feet. About fifteen beds, complete with bedding and warm blankets, were placed about the room. A space heater was located in a corner next to a television set. A bathroom and showers were provided, as well as laundry facilities. One of the objects in the room that surprised me with its usefulness was a computer. All three of the women at the shelter were unemployed. During our visit with them, one of the ladies was working on filling out job applications on a computer provided by the shelter. They told each other about various job openings that they had come across earlier in the day. They even mentioned that they would like to apply for employment at the new Mount Vernon Grand Hotel. Obtaining a job is the first step to getting back on their feet. I realized that the shelter was very wise in providing a computer for the residents to use for this purpose. During our visit, two volunteers from the Salvation Ar my brought a chicken and noodle casserole and a few loaves of bread for the residents. I was surprised by the variety of services that were provided by the Winter Sanctuary, and it was clear that each of

Social Darwinism Essay Starters Example For Students

Social Darwinism Essay Starters England went through dramatic changes in the 19th century. English culture, socio-economic structure and politics where largely influenced by the principles of science. Many social expressions occurred due to these changes. Transformations which categorized this time period could be observed in social institutions; for instance: the switch from popular Evangelicalism to atheism, emergence of feminism and the creation of new political ideologies (Liberalism, Conservatism and Radicalism). These are just a few of the changes that took place. All of this social alteration can be attributed to the importance of science. The English people began to trust more in empiricism and logical thought than in faith and glory of the empire . One who contributed greatly to this transformation was Charles Darwin. In his two most famous works, The Origin of Species and The Decent of Man, Darwin introduces the concept of the survival of the fittest and The Darwinian ideas introduced into English society justified a great number of political policies and social movements. England at the turn of the century was still a largest power in the international system. The English perceived, through the justification of Darwinism, they were fit to be the imperial hegemon in the world. The issue this essay will deal with is Imperialism and how Darwinism justified its practice. Darwin argued in his work, The Decent of Man, When civilised nations come into contact with barbarians the struggle is short except where a deadly climate gives its aid to the native race. . . the grade of civilisation seems to be a most important element in success in competing nations.(Darwin, Decent of Man, p. 297). In this observation, Darwin connotated superiority to civilized nations. In this same work, he referred to the indigenous people as savages, barbarians and tribal men. This immediately transfers a condescending attitude toward the uncivilised people. Darwin classified them as tribes while the English and other Aryan cultures These claims of basic inequality gave the English the jurisdiction philosophically, to exploit the colonies to a greater level than previously attained. The drive to Christianize the colonies was abandoned, politically. The view shifted from owing the primitive world education and Christianity, to a more self-interested we English are naturally better. Therefore, the we should be exploiting you, because, that is why you are here. Charles Darwin had a tremendous amount of influence on the scientific community and the English population. It can be seen that Darwinism played a large part in justifying the imperial behavior of England. Darwins studies on nature and the behavior of animals had unlocked Pandoras Box in a manner of speaking. He studies reveal how close to nature humanity really is. The English empire quickly saw themselves as a dominant predatorial species of the world. In conclusion, the English empire used Darwinian concept to justify the on-going process of imperialism. Charles Darwins ideas elevated the egos of the English people to over-estimate themselves socially and globally. The affects of Darwinism can be seen throughout the spectrum of social interaction both in the animal kingdom and human Bibliography:

The Ebola Virus Essays (495 words) - Biological Weapons,

The Ebola Virus The Ebola virus (family Filoviridae) responsible for a severe and often fatal haemorrhagic fever; outbreaks in primates as well as in humans have been recorded. The disease is characterised by extreme fever, rash, and profuse haemorrhaging. Fatality rates range from 50 to 90 percent. (1) Ebola was regarded as an epidemic in 1976 when it was discovered along the Ebola River in Zaire. The outbreaks moved throughout Zaire and The Sudan. In 1995 there was another epidemic in Zaire which resulted in hundreds of deaths as did the earlier epidemics. (2) People who contracted the Ebola virus will notice symptoms 4 ? 16 days after they contract the virus. An infected person will suddenly be hit by severe headaches, muscle aches and loss of appetite. Within a few days the virus causes a condition know as ?disseminated intravascular coagulation'. This condition is marked by both blood clots and haemorrhaging. In the case of Ebola fever, clots are concentrated in the liver, spleen, brain, and other internal organs, forcing capillaries to bleed into surrounding tissue. Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea with blood and mucus, conjunctivitis, and sore throat soon follow. A maculopapular rash (discoloured elevations of the skin) appears on the trunk and quickly spreads to the limbs and head. The patient is then beset by spontaneous bleeding from body orifices and any breaks in the skin, such as injection sites, and within the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and internal organs. Death is usually brought on by haemorrhaging, shock, or renal fail ure and occurs within 8 to 17 days. (3) Like most viruses, Ebola is usually carried by animals, especially rodents. Ebola can be transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen, body fluids, and possibly urine and respiratory secretions. The virus has also been detected in the organs of patients after recovery from the fever. Unsanitary conditions and lack of adequate medical supplies have been a factor in the spread of the disease. (4) As of yet there is no known cure or treatment for the Ebola Virus. Current therapy consists of maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance and administration of blood and plasma to control bleeding. The spread of the virus can be contained by barrier nursing, handling of infected blood and tissue in isolated laboratory units, and proper decontamination of reusable equipment. (5) There were no statistics available on the Ebola Virus but for each outbreak there has been, at least 300+ people have died each time. (6) Ebola is usually passed through contact with infected blood and body fluid. In some cases the virus has become airborne but has been contained. (7) If you are not living in Zaire near the Ebola river the chances of you contracting Ebola are so remote it isn't even worth considering. But if you did contract it while on a holiday in Africa, the best thing would be to keep away from everyone and ring health authorities as soon as possible.

Market segmentation approaches Essays

Market segmentation approaches Essays Market segmentation approaches Essay Market segmentation approaches Essay Coca Cola Market Segmentation Approaches The Coca Cola product in question is the Minute Maid Just 10 juice that is consumed by over a billion people throughout the whole world. Geographically, Coca Cola should approaches should be broad-based and undifferentiated. They should perceive the market as comprising of many customers having a fundamental desire that must be satisfied. For instance, it can be assumed that nearly all customers who want to purchase Coke have a thirst need. While this is possibly the largest market that any company would seek, they have no products that would appeal to all consumers globally as people have different tastes, preferences and requirements. Globally, Coke has an approval among the young generation that is made up mostly of teenagers, working class and other youthful individuals. This market segment is the most lucrative for Coca Cola Company as its main features include an access to income or money, increased social activity as well as varied tastes when it comes to soft drinks. Coca Cola should also focus on segments having high incomes such as white-collar professions. Lastly, Coca Cola also targets children as they consume a considerable amount of cola products and they have a hold on their parents who supply the income. In terms of demographics, it follows a similar fashion to that of geographic segmentation where the parent company has subsidiaries all over the world that have a high degree of autonomy (Ryan et al 45). This autonomy should be reinforced to allow subsidiaries to make geographical-specific decisions that will boost growth and revenue margins. The reason for recommending these approaches is to maximize the profits and achieve the goals set by the company. Within the present economy, tailor-made approaches stand a better chance of being successful when compared to conventional and universal approaches that lack applicability in different circumstances (Ryan et al 4). Minute Maid is positioned as a drink for individuals who are generally mobile and active. Minute Maid Just 10 is the perfect drink for healthy, stress-free consumption at any time of the day. This is because it is provides essential minerals such as potassium, calcium as well as vitamin C extracted from real fruit juice and very low in calories. The Sunkist Company applies the undifferentiated marketing strategy by completely ignoring the segment differences and attracting the entire market with one strategy. The company main products are citrus fruits particularly oranges and lemons. The Unilever Company applies differentiated marketing strategy throughout its subsidiaries across the world. Within Sub-Saharan Africa where the purchasing power is low, the company has developed smaller sizes of the same products to enhance purchases. This is slightly different from their product in developed states that are bulkier and sold at relatively higher prices. Concerning the concentrated marketing strategy, the Toyota Company applied it in the development of the hybrid market that began with the Prius model. After the inception, the company increasingly focused on developing hybrid vehicles such as the Toyota Camry and Toyota Highlander. The company was able to get more customers by focusing on eco-friendly products (Ryan et al 18). Lastly, customized marketing that involves designing a particular product to meet the exact needs of a customer. Companies that use this type of marketing include website builders such as Wix. The Wix Company allows users to customize their products to their needs and standards before purchasing them. Marketing products this way ensure that in the end, the customer has to buy the product as he/ she finds exactly their preferences. Customized marketing is however reserved for unique or expensive product as it takes a lot of time and resources before a product is selected, customized and finished to the customer’s preferences. This is considered the highest type of target marketing. Work Cited Ryan, Damian, and Calvin Jones. Understanding Digital Marketing: Marketing Strategies for Engaging the Digital Generation. London: Kogan Page, 2009. Print.

Welcome to The Essay Experts MBA Admissions Blog!

Welcome to The Essay Experts MBA Admissions Blog! The Essay Expert looks forward to providing value to MBA and EMBA applicants in two major ways: 1) by offering MBA admissions consulting services and 2) by sharing interesting and useful information in our MBA Admissions Blog. This blog is a forum to discuss issues of concern to MBA and EMBA applicants. We look forward to sharing our take on a wide range of issues so that you will be poised for success as you enter the application process. Youll see many items here written by our newest and most senior admissions consultant, Larry Sochrin. Larry is one of the most experienced MBA admissions consultants in the business, having worked in this field for over 14 years. He holds an MBA from Wharton, and previously interviewed applicants to the school as an alumnus. A senior trainer, Larry has delivered seminars for groups of admissions consultants on topics ranging from interviewing to applying to international MBA schools. He has also given training seminars for prospective business school applicants, as well as for firms who offer admissions consulting support as an employee benefit. Larry has guided clients through several thousand MBA applications. He has answers to just about every possible question you might encounter as you go through the admissions process. Category:UncategorizedBy Brenda BernsteinNovember 17, 2011

Establishing an Illegal Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Establishing an Illegal Business - Essay Example Establishing an Illegal This paper shows how to establish a lucrative ecstasy-manufacturing firm in the country The medical department refers to ecstasy to be illegal since there is drug has no medicinal value. They argue that the drug has effects on the human brain with effects such as hallucination. Despite the medical reasons, the drug still attracts a large market demand. At this point, the first steps of starting a business are in place. The beginning tasks such as the product type and the size of business is already in place. The second step involves being aware of the customers’ needs. The main customers of the product would target the young generation. The young generation holds the largest demand for the ecstasy drug. There should be enough information concerning the manufacture and distribution of the drug. To have a proper network that would coordinate the flow of the drug; the firm would work closely with other distributors and study how the drug rotates. Next is to identify the area that would best fit the establishment of the company. The area should be one that does not attract any suspicion to the authorities. The best way would be to establish a camouflage firm that would cover the identity of the drug. Identification of financial, natural, man-made and human resources for the firm should be available freely. A business plan would assist with the planning and calculation of the requirements. This is the trickiest part before the actual running of the operation. At this point, it would be difficult to trust the operators for information. In addition, the government has spies from top agencies that are out to fight the production and distribution of drugs. Therefore, as the planning occurs, the company would import the products from outside countries to test the market (Koellhoffer 24). Importation would need the firm to seek creative methods that would challenge the border security. The government concentrates on cracking down on drug traffickers along the Mexic an border and major airports. The security is tight in those areas because Mexico is a major drug trafficking country. The government has produced information that links drug trafficking to the Islamic terrorist groups. Associating with the terrorist groups openly, would link the firm to drug trafficking, thereby, blowing its cover (Brott 48). There would be need to establish connections along the customs officials that would assist in importing the products. After making the order from the outside country, the firm would claim to be importing materials to set up a local pharmaceutical firm. In the process of importing the materials, the firm would smuggle some quantities of ecstasy to try into the market. The operations at the customs would require the influence of powerful individuals in the country to see to it that the drugs come in. As mentioned above, drug business is a billion dollar enterprise headed by powerful people in the country. Many of the firm’s expenses would include paying off powerful individuals who influence the drug trade in the market (Harvard Business School 67). Ones the drug is in the market, the firm would begin by first having agents who distribute at parties. Through this, the agent would interact with other drug agents from other countries. Soon the drug distribution system will be in place, enough for the firm to supply to the other agents from different drug cartels. Once the firm establishes the proper networks necessary to meet the requirements for profitable

English paper . Williams in the american grain Essay

English paper . Williams in the american grain - Essay Example The American dominance over the world, prevalent still, can be traced backed to this psyche of these heroes. But De Soto also had the added advantage of being very tactical. He was able to convince the native tribes that he was of divine origin and thus posed before them as a formidable god. When we study the period of De Soto, thus the power of negotiation can be seen slowly gaining ground at par with the power of weapons and riches. Survivalism was the ideology that unknowingly led all the conquistadors win their battles without bothering about hurting others. This kind of survivalism still runs deep in the blood of Americans. As described in the introduction to the book by Horace Grigory (p.17 of Introduction, Williams) the American tradition is characterized by the â€Å"impulse to make all things new, to build new cities†¦ to abandon projects with the scaffolding in the air,†¦(and)†¦to move onward to another El Dorado.† De Soto’s adventures also fit into this profile. The ability to endure and then rise from one’s own ashes like a phoenix are also some other attributes of these earlier Americans and the modern ones. Thus the collective American personality was built through the lives of these heroes and villains of history and has its roots in the mental fabric of these early founders and explorers. One criticism that arises in one’s mind after reading of â€Å"In the American Grain† is that whatever the author makes out as the â€Å"American grain†, can also be equally and logically attributed to the whole of humanity. The instinct to find new worlds, to create new things and the ‘El Dorado’ mindset are convincingly universal rather than American. William has contented that â€Å"there is a source in AMERICA for everything we think or do; that morals affect the food and food the bone, and that, in fine we have no conception at all of what is meant by moral, since

University of chichester Essay Example for Free

University of chichester Essay From 1976 to 1991, UK has witnessed major changes in its education system. Since early 90s, changes would include transformation in its structure, essential nature and even purpose. The driving force behind this is legislation and national funding policies which brought about sociological and epistemological change. (Skinner 2006) For instance, the British Council – the international organisation for cultural relations and educational opportunities of the United Kingdom – has been an important agent of this transformation as it promotes UK education in over 100 countries where it has an established presence. With the increase influx of international students, a study of this topic would inevitably help develop a more effective marketing scheme for UK as essential market intelligence can be derived from such study, helping higher education administrators improve their standards which is hoped to attract and even more number of international students. The long-term goal of this paper is to provide important information which could help establishing the UK as the premier international education provider. 2. 1 Background of the Study Approximately ? 5 billion annually is contributed by International students to the economy of the United Kingdom. (Department for Children, Schools, and Families 2006) In line with this, Tony Blair, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom launched a campaign to encourage more international students to study in UK. He also sought building partnerships between universities and colleges in the UK with those abroad. The campaign, the Prime Ministers International Education Initiative (PMI) is based on its phase 1 implemented between the 1999 and 2005 where a unified effort in the promotion of UK education overseas was undertaken. In this next phase, a wider international agenda is expected to be address and and increased funding from the Government, the British Council and the education sector is expected. (Department for Children, Schools, and Families 2007) In view of this, data gathered from this study can be used, among others, in achieving these goals set by the Prime Minister. Although the University of Chichester is just one of the universities in the region, principles derived from the findings in this study can be adopted to suit local conditions in other universities and colleges. In this way, it is hoped that findings from this study can help not only the education sector but also the economy of the nation as whole since having more international students translates to more funds for the economy as reported earlier in this section. 2. 2 Objectives This paper aims to provide insights on why students come to the University of Chichester. This is achieved by investigating the current performance of the university from the point of view of the studentry, reviewing its current approach to international education, and proposing recommendations to improve its education program for the international students with emphasis given to sustainability of success. This paper would focus on providing insights as to why students come to the University of Chichester. In order to to this qualitative and quantitative research methodologies would be used. The qualitative aspect of this research would focus mainly on the review of related literature but would also include findings from some of informal interviews conducted. The qualitative aspect, on the other hand, would deal with drawing out insights from currently enrolled international students at the University of Chichester. Both the results of the qualitative and quantitative methods would be considered together to validate each other so that reasonable conclusions can be made and feasible recommendations can be formulated. 2. 4 Limitations The literature review would primarily focus on the policy of the United Kingdom regarding encouraging international students to attend UK universities as well the environmental and internal context of the University of Chichester. A working definition of international education and international students would be developed and the entire paper would hinge only on these definitions. For instance, when in the later chapter, an international student is said to be interviewed, it is understood that this international student met all the qualifications described in the working definition of an international student. Also, the findings, conclusions and recommendations for this paper, although was aimed to be usable to other universities so that the goals of the second phase PMI may be achieved, are all in the context of the University of Chichester. Therefore, attempts to apply this to other universities necessitates contextualization.

Diamonds :: essays research papers

A Diamond is one of the two natural minerals that are produced from carbon. The other mineral is Graphite. Even though both of these minerals are produced from the same element ,carbon, they have totally different characteristics. One of the most obvious difference is that Diamond is hard and Graphite is soft. The Diamond is considered to be the most hardest substance found in nature. It scores a perfect ten in hardness. Because of its hardness a tiny Diamond is used as a cutting and drilling tool in industry. Even the Greeks called the Diamond â€Å"adamas† which means unconquerable. Diamonds also conducts heat better than any other mineral .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Diamonds come in several different color shades such as, yellow, blue, green, or pink. One reason why a Diamond has different colors is through the processes involving heat and radiation. Another reason is that 99.5% of a Diamond is Carbon and the rest are different trace elements. These 0.5% of elements are the reason why a Diamond has different color shades. For example Nitrogen causes it to have a yellow tint , and Boron a blue shade. The pink color in some Diamonds are thought to be caused by deformation of the atomic structure of the diamond crystal. A pure Diamond , which would be 100% carbon, is colorless Diamonds were created million years ago, when the earth was formed, the material experienced pressure of 5million times the atmosphere at sea level and temperatures between 1000~1200degreesC. These conditions caused carbon in the layers inside the planet to crystallize into diamonds. The diamonds moved up to the earth’s surface through volcano eruptions. This is why many Diamond mines are near volcanoes. Diamonds occur in two types of rock: Kimberlite and Lamprolite. Diamonds are mostly found in South Africa, India, Brazil, Russia, Australia, and Arkansas. Right now about 100million carats are mined each year. Today the largest cut Diamond in the world is the Cullian I at 530.2ct . The unit cell of a Diamond is cube. Five carbon atoms form tetrahedra at the cube corners , at the centers of each of the cube faces, and at four sites within the cube. The carbon atoms are located at the center of each tetrahedron . The carbon tetrahedra are covalently bonded, which explains why diamonds are extremely hard. The toughness of the Diamond comes from four planar directions of weakness , it is called octahedral cleavage .

Why did Stalin emerge as the leader of the USSR in 1929? Essay

There are many reasons why Stalin emerged as the leader of Russia, some of these are due to his intelligent mind and determination for power, others because of his criminal mind-set and willingness to overcome his rivals. The most important reason why Stalin emerged as leader of the USSR is because he manipulated his party members and his own place within the party, he did this by recruiting his friends and supporters into the party after the Lenin Enrolment, as well as this Stalin removes any competition within the party that may contribute to a threat, this shows how Stalin abuses his own position in the party to manipulate everyone into getting what he wants. Having his supporters within the party, Stalin could not be voted out or overpowered within the party. One of the important reasons why Stalin emerged as leader of the USSR is because of his individual factors, because of Stalin’s previous convictions of bank robbery and treachery he was not trusted straight away, but because he is devious and knowledgeable person he stayed back in the party until the right moment struck, when Lenin had the stroke, Stalin saw his opportunity to get into the hierarchy of the party, this shows that Stalin’s devious mind played a large part of why Stalin emerged as the leader. Stalin’s personality served him well to becoming the leader of the USSR, this is shown when he sent a telegraph to Trotsky explaining when the funeral of Lenin was, unknown to Trotsky, Stalin had actually gave him the wrong date and made a big funeral, this was seen as Trotsky being dishonourable, making him less likely to succeed Lenin, this improved Stalin’s chances of succeeding as Trotsky was him main competition. The true nature of Stalin’s p ersonal traits is shown when he keeps Lenin’s testament secret, knowing what Lenin thinks of him Stalin seems motivated to win leadership, by being devious Stalin stopped the corruption of Lenin’s testament getting publicised therefore making him in line for leadership.

Puberty Mini Essay

Puberty Mini Essay There are many factors that affect the timing of puberty. A large factor is genetics, because it later causes the onset of other factors as well. It’s said that maturation and puberty are determined by genetic forces and can be different depending on ethnicity as well. Children in the US seem to mature and hit puberty faster than Asian Americans, while African Americans are ahead of the US. Massimo Mangino, author from the Twin Research Department at King's, says: â€Å"It is fascinating how common genetic variants influence both early puberty and weight gain. With that said obesity is another factor and is becoming an epidemic in this country. Obesity can almost guarantee the girl will have an early start into puberty and can later lead to a higher risk of psychological problems, risk-taking behavior, and even future breast cancer. But the opposite effect of obesity on pubertal timing may occur in boys. Studies have shown that early maturing boys seem to h ave a lower rate of obesity when compared with boys with normally or later timed puberty. Another factor is anxiety/stress.When there is a higher level of stress on the child it tends to prompt the body to send the hypothalamic signal and cause the child to reach puberty at a younger age than normal. Since this sends the child into early puberty, it can affect them with aggression and antisocial behavior as well later on. But on the other side of this, it can also delay puberty as well; it typically relies on the type of stress and the environment of the stress. If the living conditions are poor and there is little food, the stress can lead to a delay of maturation.Early puberty onset for females can be much more damaging than later onset. Females who start puberty early are at higher risk for problems and cancer later in life and usually have a negative body image as well. Earlier puberty onset for males is not as damaging as it is on females though. Sometimes it is seen as a head start in some cultures. If the male is strong and larger than his peers he is looked up to. If the male has a later onset of puberty he may have a different appearance than his peers and may be picked one which can cause a negative body image as well.Works Cited Belsky, Janet (2010). Experiencing the Lifespan (2th Ed). New York: Worth Publishers Yuen, F. The Onset of Puberty. http://www. soc. hawaii. edu/leonj/409as98/yuen/famr499. html Walvoord, E. (2010). The Timing of Puberty: Is it changing? Does It Matter? Journal of Adolescent Health, 1–7. (Kings College London, 2010) Researchers discover common genetic variants influence early puberty, body fat. http://www. news-medical. net/news/20101122/Researchers-discover-common-genetic-variants-influence-early-puberty-body-fat. aspx

Healthcare Staffing Shortage Example

Healthcare Staffing Shortage Example Healthcare Staffing Shortage – Coursework Example Healthcare Staffing Shortage al Affiliation Healthcare Staffing Shortage Manpower is the most important resource in any healthcare settings. Human resource managers should ensure that they are able to attract and also retain the best workforce in the setting. This can be ensured through a comprehensive framework for selecting, on-boarding and inducting the best personnel in healthcare institutions. There are various ways that human resource managers can deal with the problem of staff shortage in hospitals. This paper will explore the options that a manager may consider.Public-private PartnershipThis option involves having the public and private health institutions working together to ensure that healthcare delivery has the best personnel. The partnership also ensures that all the terms and conditions in both are similar thus reducing the rate of turnover in both (Isgur, 2008). Further, the partnership goes to the extent of ensuring quality training of healthcare professionals. Facult y training and programs promotion is one of the fruits of such a partnership.Technology-driven TrainingTo reduce the number of personnel required in an institution, embracement of technology is key. When technology is well applied in the healthcare setting, there is time saved for patients care and performance of other activities that cannot be mechanized (Isgur, 2008). Selecting staff who have technical skills is therefore important.Conducive Working SpaceThe best employees are attracted and retained in working environment that are safe and conducive. Currently, flexibility of roles ensures that employees feel satisfied and free rather than being tied up by roles (Isgur, 2008). Managers should ensure this flexibility is there and maintained. When this is so, competitive staff are easily attracted and retained.Performance Review and FeedbackThrough review of employees performance, managers are able to identify areas that employees feel need changes and rectify (Isgur, 2008). Providi ng positive review feedback helps to develop employees and encourage them.References Isgur, B. (2008). Healing The Health Care Staffing Shortage. Trustee.

The Impact Engel v. Vitale Had On Prayer in Schools

The Impact Engel v. Vitale Had On Prayer in Schools What authority, if any, does the U.S. government have when it comes to religious rituals like prayers? The Engel v. Vitale Supreme Court decision of 1962 deals with this very question. The  Supreme Court ruled 6 to 1 that it was unconstitutional for a government agency like a school or government agents like public school employees to require students to recite prayers. Heres how this ultimately important church vs. state decision evolved and how it ended up before the Supreme Court. Fast Facts: Engel v. Vitale Case Argued: April 3, 1962Decision Issued:  June 25, 1962Petitioner: Steven I. Engel, et alRespondent:   William J. Vitale, Jr., et alKey Question: Does recitation of a nondenominational prayer at the beginning of the school day violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment?Majority Decision: Justices Warren, Black, Douglas, Harlan, Clark, and BrennanDissenting: Justice StewartRuling: Even if the prayer is not nondenominational nor is participation mandatory, the state cannot sponsor prayer in public schools. Engel v. Vitale and the New York Board of Regents The New York State Board of Regents, which had supervisory power over New York public schools began a program of â€Å"moral and spiritual training† in the schools which included a daily prayer. The Regents themselves composed the prayer, in what was intended to be a non-denominational format. Labeled the â€Å"To whom it may concern† prayer by one commentator, it stated: Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers and our Country. But some parents objected, and the American Civil Liberties Union joined with 10 of the parents in a suit against the Board of Education of New Hyde Park, New York.  Amicus curiae (friend of the court) briefs were filed by the American Ethical Union, the American Jewish Committee and the Synagogue Council of America supporting the lawsuit, which sought to remove the prayer requirement. Both the state court and the New York Court of Appeals allowed the prayer to be recited. Who Was Engel? Richard Engel was one of the parents who objected to the prayer and filed the initial lawsuit. Engel has often said that his name became part of the decision only because it came ahead of the other parents names alphabetically on the list of plaintiffs. Engel and the other parents said their children endured taunting at school because of the lawsuit, and that he and other plaintiffs received threatening phone calls and letters while the suit made its way through the courts. Supreme Court Decision in Engel v. Vitale In his majority opinion, Justice Hugo Black sided substantially with the arguments of the separationists, who quoted heavily from Thomas Jefferson and made extensive use of his â€Å"wall of separation† metaphor. Particular emphasis was placed upon James Madison’s â€Å"Memorial and Remonstrance against Religious Assessments.† The decision was 6-1 because Justices Felix Frankfurter and Byron White did not take part (Frankfurter had suffered a stroke). Justice Stewart Potter was the sole dissenting vote.   According to Blacks majority opinion, any prayer created by the government was akin to the English creation of the Book of Common Prayer. The Pilgrims came to America originally to avoid exactly this type of relationship between government and organized religion. In Blacks words, the prayer was â€Å"a practice wholly inconsistent with the Establishment Clause.† Although the Regents argued that there was no compulsion on students to recite the prayer, Black observed that: Neither the fact that the prayer may be denominationally neutral nor the fact that its observances on the part of students is voluntary can serve to free it from the limitations of the Establishment clause. What Is the Establishment Clause? This is the portion of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution which  prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress. In the Engel v. Vitale case, Black wrote that the Establishment clause is violated regardless of whether there is any â€Å"showing of direct government compulsion...whether those laws operate directly to coerce non-observing individuals or not.† Black pointed out that the decision showed great respect for religion, not hostility: It is neither sacrilegious nor antireligious to say that each separate government in this country should stay out of the business of writing or sanctioning official prayers and leave that purely religious function to the people themselves and to those the people choose to look to for religious guidance. Significance of Engel v. Vitale This case was one of the first in a series of cases in which a variety of religious activities sponsored by the government were found to violate the Establishment Clause. This was the first case which effectively prohibited the government from sponsoring or endorsing official prayer in schools. Engel v. Vitale got the ball rolling on separation of church and state issues in the latter half of the 20th century.

Financing of Working Capital and the Money Markets Essay

Financing of Working Capital and the Money Markets - Essay Example [http://www.hnb.hr/financijska_stabilnost/efinancijka_sustav.htmtsfsg=79cfa8abff72343c706696777f2a1c18]. The most marketable money market security available in Croatia are the "Government Treasury Bills" that are issued with the maturity deadline of 91, 182 and 364 days [http://www.mfin.hr/en/public-debt]. The second form of money market instrument used in Croatia is the "Certificate of Deposit" that is issued by commercial banks and available through brokers. Certificate of Deposit is a kind of time deposit offered by banks to corporations, local & state governments, and foreign investors that competes with other instruments of the money markets. It is the mechanism by which banks consolidate surplus funds from entities and lend them to other entities in need of short term funds whereby they make money by charging higher interest rates to borrowers than what is offered to the depositors. Hence banks function as financial intermediaries that are primarily interested to channel money to the customers paying highest interest rates and manage the risk of defaults effectively. They compete in the money markets primarily by virtue of their services and interest rates (McKinney Jr. 1967. pp71-73). In Croatia, the certificate of de... Banks prefer to pool certificate of deposits from smaller investors and lend limited money to borrowers to reduce risk of defaults. Hence, such instruments are used primarily for short term cash requirements by firms. On the other hand, treasury bills allow deposits of large amounts and are also tax free. Firms can purchase treasury bills for as short as 91 days using surplus cash and achieve returns that are realized at the maturity. Given that treasury bills are available through auctions, firms can plan the minimum desirable returns that they plan from the T-bills. Some firms also prefer investing in treasury notes issued by Croatian government. The current accounts held by the firms for receivables & payables does not provide any returns and hence the firms are compelled to invest in such short term highly secured financial instruments in Croatia. To avail short term loans from banks, the Croatian firms avail bank acceptance & letter of credit in which the treasury bills become h andy as they are considered as kind of secured collaterals by the banks when issuing the finance. The difference between interest paid to bank and the return from treasury bills reduce the interest burden on the firms from short term financing. The other form of short term financing popular in Croatia is Commercial Paper. As defined by Nayar and Rezoff (1994. pp1433-1434) that Commercial Paper issues with backup lines of credits from banks ensures higher ratings and hence both are almost always simultaneously used. Moreover, unrated Commercial Papers (without bank's credit guarantee) are subject to negative perceptions and hence are not preferred. Overall, money

What are the causes and effects of obesity Essay

What are the causes and effects of obesity - Essay Example This essay "What are the causes and effects of obesity?" outlines the major reasons for obesity and its impact on the health of the person who suffers from this health condition. It is surprising that many regions that registered high poverty rates in the past are now making headlines with the alarming obesity rates. Evidently, unhealthy eating habits are a leading contributor to the increasing rates of obesity. Notably, many people living in the developed and developing world consume unhealthy foods. There is a remarkable high preference for food products that have high sugar content instead of whole food (Gustafson 2015, n.p). The increased consumption of soft drinks and high-fat content food has also contributed to the development of obesity in many parts of the globe. According to the Word Obesity Federation, unhealthy eating habits have contributed to an energy imbalance in the body. The globe registers a higher level of food consumption. For this reason, the intake of calories is higher than the body requires (Abc.net.au 2015, n.p). People are slowly becoming used to large food portions without considering the recommended calorie intake required for their body and age. The preference for high-energy food serves to increase the energy imbalance in the body. Lack of physical exercise is an additional cause of the increasing rates of obesity. Many people are adopting a sedentary lifestyle with little or no exercise at all. The world has moved into a new technology level, eliminating the value of physical labour.

The marketing strategies of McDonalds and Starbucks andthe comparison Essay

The marketing strategies of McDonalds and Starbucks andthe comparison of their current marketing plans - Essay Example Food industry can be considered as a concurrent or triple point in terms of history, innovative ideas, and taste. This industry is dependent on number of factors like government regulations regarding hygiene standards and suitability, new innovative brands and trends in the market, consumer behavior, and cultural and religious beliefs. Despite of all such factors, the industry is one of the largest industries in the world as it had sale revenue of about $3.2 trillion in 2004. In USA almost 16.5 million people are professionally associated with food industry and Americans spend about $1 trillion annually which is about 10% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). UK fast food is the largest fast food market in Europe which is double and triple in size than Germany and French markets respectively. The food industry (including fast food) had an estimated gross value added of  £73.4 billions in 2007 (http://www.whatmattersweblog.com). It had a contribution of 18.8% of national part-time employ ment and 8.7% of national full time employment. Coffee has established a strong standing in hospitality industry in last 10 years. In many countries espresso, cappuccino, and caffe latte has replaced the brewed filter coffee and therefore set a cafà © style coffee. Because of having a major contribution with respect to both the revenue and volume in market, the carbonated beverages are the mainstay of the industry. Australian citizens prefer milk-based coffee as about 90% of coffee cups sold in 2005 contained milk in it. In recent years, cappuccino has come out as the most favorite brand of coffee for Australian people however, people having strong financial assets particularly young ladies have more inclination towards the caffà ©s lattes.es lattes. Espresso and the flat white are generally more demanded by young males and senior citizens respectively. Another significant trend in coffee industry is the cafe preference of customers with respect to either fair trading or sustainable source. A rising trend has been observed by th e farmers that they intended to approach the fair trading cafes instead of low pricing cafes (Bacon, 2005). McDonalds are the two leading companies in the industry of fast food and soft drinks respectively. McDonalds is the world’s largest fast food providing organization, presently operating at more than 33,000 locations across the world and serving more than 64 million people around 119 countries on daily basis (http://www.mcdonalds.ca/). Although the company has more than half century experience even then it works through dynamic marketing strategies. McDonalds offers innovative ideas in their operations to keep itself at No.1 position in the fast

History of terrorism

History of terrorism Terrorist acts or the threat of such action have been in existence for centuries. Historical examples of terrorist events can be traced, in writing, to biblical times; the Romans were known to have both practiced and been the recipients of terrorist activities. (Carr, 2003). The earliest known organizations that exhibited aspects of modern terrorism were the Zealots of Judea, and the Sicarri, theand Jewish groups active during the Roman occupation of the first century Middle East. The preferential weapon of the Sicarri (literally, Dagger Men) was the sica, a short dagger which they used it for murdering those those (mainly Jews) they believed to be traitorsy deemed apostate and, thus, selected for execution.The Zealots, who generally targeted Romans and Greeks, gave the modern term Zealot, one translation of which is a fanatical partisan.. (Merriam-Webster, 1984). Such killings usually took place in daylight and in front of witnesses, with the perpetrators using such acts to send a message to the Roman authorities and the Jews who collaborated with them. This tactic was adopted by subsequent generation of groups which are now known as terrorists. The Assassins, also deemed as a terrorist organization, were an eleventh century offshoot of a Shia Muslim sect known as the Ismailis.They also perhaps also recognized the significance of high publicity as do contemporary terrorists. Like the Zealots-Sicarri, the Assassins were also given to stabbing their victims (generally politicians or clerics who refused to adopt the purified version of Islam they were forcibly spreading) (Bugress, 2003; Rapaport, 1965). The term Assassin (from where the modern term assassination is derived) literally meant hashish eater- , -which is in reference to the ritualistic drug-taking, they were perhaps falsely rumored to indulge in prior to undertaking their murderous missions. (Bugress, 2003; Rapaport, 1965). Often, the Assassins deeds were carried out at religious sites on holy days a tactic intended to publicize their cause and incite others to it.Similar to the numerous religiously motivated terrorists nowadays, they also looked at their deaths on such actions as sacrificial. Even though both the Zealots and the Assassins operated in the past, they are relevant today: First as forerunners of modern terrorists in aspects of motivation, organization, targeting, and goals. Second ly, although both were eventual failures, the fact that they are remembered hundreds of years later, demonstrates the deep psychological impact they caused. Sacrifice was also a central element of the killings carried out by the Thugees (from which the word thug is derived). They were the followers of an Indian religious cult which ritually strangled their victims (usually travelers chosen at random) as an offering to the Hindu goddess of terror and destruction, Kali. In this case, the intent was to terrify the victim (a vital consideration in the Thugee ritual) rather than influencing any external audience. The Thugees were active from the seventh until the mid-nineteenth centuries. They were known to have committed as many as one million murders. Perhaps they were the last example of religiously-inspired terrorism until the phenomenon re-emerged a little over 20 years ago. According to David Rapport, Before the 19th century, religion provided the only acceptable justifications for terror. (Robespierre, 2009). Probably all holy texts (not just the Quran) have been conveniently interpreted to justify violence against others. Robiespierre described terror as the emanation of virtue. An additional tendency at the end of 19th century was the ever-increasing wave of nationalism throughout the world, which incorporated the nation (the identity of the citizens) and the political state. Simultaneously, the states began to stress upon the national identities of the citizens who were conquered or colonized, much like the Jews during the period of Zealots who either chose to integrate or fight back. Over the last several decades, the most well-known, Irish nationalistic struggle has still been unresolved. Nationalism, similar to Communism was the most ideological force of the 20th century. (Burgess, 2003). Nationalists and Anarchists The English word terrorism comes from the regime de la terreur that prevailed in France from 1793-94. In the beginning it was a device of the state, and was intended to strengthen the authority of the new-found radical government, shielding it from elements thought to be subversive. Always value-laden, terrorism was, initially, a positive term. The French revolutionary leader, Maximilien Robespierre, viewed it as vital if the new French Republic was to survive its infancy, and proclaimed in 1794 that: Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible; it is therefore an emanation of virtue; it is not so much a special principle as it is a consequence of the general principle of democracy applied to our countrys most urgent needs.(Hoffman, 1988). Under such rationalization, some 40,000 people were executed by guillotine, a fate Robespierre and his top lieutenants would themselves suffered. In the meantime terrorism started to take negative undertones which it carries today. (AltThough the terrorists themselves do not consider themselves to be unconstructive or harmful to society). Edmund Burk, who demonized the French revolutionary practitioners, made the term popular in English writings. As a result of the French Revolution,new distinct concepts of nationalism and citizenship were evolved, which also led to the development of a new form of primary secular terrorism. The Italian revolutionary Carlo Pisacanes theory of the propaganda of the deed, which recognized the utility of terrorism to deliver a message to an audience other than the target, and draw attention and support to a cause was a hallmark to this new form of terrorism. (Laqueur, 1999). Pisacanes thesis was first put into practice by the Narodnaya Volya (NV), which was not in itself new and would probably have been recognizable to the Zealots-Sicarri and the Assassins. In 1878, a Russian populist group, (which was described as to Peoples Will) was formed to be in opposition to the Tzars regime. The groups most famous decisive action was the assassination of Alexander II inon 1 March 1881, which also effectively sealed their fate by incurring bringing upon themselves, the full wrath of the Tsarist regime. Unlike most other terrorist groups, the Volya went to great lengths to avoid innocent deaths, carefully choosing their targets; usually state officials who symbolized the regime. Often compromising operations rather than causing what would today be termed collateral damage. It is also called bluecalled blue on blue by the military. Volya actions inspired radicals in different places. Anarchist terrorist groups were particularly enamored by the example set by the Russian populist Volya. Nationalist groupslike the ones in the Balkans and Ireland decided to resort to terrorism to meet their goals. As the 19th century gave way to the 20th century, terrorists attacks were carried out as far as India, Japan, and the Ottoman Empire. Two US presidents and a succession of other world leaders were victims of assassination by various radical elements often affiliated to groups but operating without their explicit knowledge or support. 9 (Stern, 2001). As in Europe , terrorism arrived on American shoresalso arrived in America before the twentieth century Not only were Anarchists active in America throughoutall through the 1880s, but during the American Civil War;, had seen acts deserving of the name, committed on both sidesAnarchists as were also instrumental in the formation of the Ku Klux Klan to fight the reconstruction effort which followed. (Hoffman, 1988). Terrorism and the State Sponsored Terrorism Long before the outbreak of World War I in Europe in 1914, what would later be termed as state-sponsored terrorism had already started to manifest itself in Europe. For instance, many officials in the Serbian government and military were involved in supporting, training and providing arms to the various Balkan groups which were active prior to the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand inon 28 June 1914 in Sarajevo; an act carried out by an activist from one such group, the Young Bosnians credited with setting in progress the chain of events which led to the war itself. (Guelke, 1998). Similarly, the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (MRO) survived largely because it became for all intents and purposes a tool of the Bulgarian government, and was used mainly against Yugoslavia as well as against domestic enemies. ( Walter Laqueur )that it became for all intents and purposes a tool of the Bulgarian government, and was used mainly against Yugoslavia as well as against domesti c enemies. Such examples clearly illustrate that state-sponsored terrorism is not a new phenomenon. The events in 1930s led to a fresh wave of political assassinations which justified the word terrorism. This led to proposals at the League of Nations for conventions to prevent and punish terrorism as well as to the establishment of an international criminal court (neither of which came to being as they were overshadowed by the events which eventually led to World War II).12 (Volkan, 1997). Simultaneously, in between years of war, state terrorism increased; a reference to the oppressive measures imposed by various totalitarian regimes, particularly in Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and Stalinist Russia. While terror from above, from the states ruling elite, was the predominant form of terror from Roman times through the French Revolution up to the present, even in the twentieth century, terror from above, such as the Hitlers Holocaust, Stalins purges, Pol Pots Killing Fields, the Rwandan massacres, and ethnic cleansing in Bosnia, has clearly claimed many more lives than the terror exerted from below. (Volkan, 1997). In the beginning of twentieth century, the term terrorism started to become synonymous with terror acts from below that attempt to disrupt, overthrow, or simply express rage against the existing political order. 14(Reich, 1990).Generally, academics agree that modern terrorism from below first surfaced as an identifiably notable entity with the emergence of the Narodnaya Volya (the Peoples Will) in Russia, at the close of the nineteenth century. This particular group harboured intellectual ideologies, and they believed that by creating an institution of the state, they could ferment a revolution to completely cleanse the existing system. They tried to accomplish this by terrorist acts such as assassinating numerous Tsarist officials, including, in 1881, the Tsar Alexander II himself. (Parry, 1976).Even though they possessed an enduring hatred for their victims, this group showed remorse and regret for their actions, inflicting self-torture and beatings as punishment for taking the liv es of their victims. In fact, they were so concerned, selective and meticulous about only killing their intended victim that if their target was accompanied by a family member, or if there was a danger that innocents might be killed, they would call off the attack and wait for a better situation to present itself. (Laqueur, 2001). But they continued their actions because they comprehended that, political terror is unavoidable, moral and effective and that organized terror movements are the preferred alternative to a blind, witless insurrection of dumb people. (Ivianski, 1987). More recently, other governments, such as those of military dictatorships which ruled some South American countries in recent years, or the regimes in Zimbabwe, have also been open to charges of using such methods as instruments of state. Some commentators, such as Bruce Hoffman, argue that, such usages are generally termed terror in order to distinguish that phenomenon from terrorism, which is understood to be violence committed by non-state entities. (Hoffman, 1988). However not everyone agrees that terrorism should be considered a non-governmental undertaking. For instance, Jessica Stern insists that states in deliberately bombarding civilians as a means of demoralizing enemy, states have indeed resorted to terrorism. According to Stern, such instances include not only the Allied strategic bombing campaigns of World War II, andbut the American dropping of atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that ended the Pacific phase of that conflict. (Stern, 2003). This issue remains controversial, with individuals such as the World War II British Air Chief Bomber Harris was simultaneously defended and despised for his belief in the utility and morality of strategic bombing. It bears similarity to the modern-day concept of collateral damage. Terrorism Sincesince World War II In By contrast, the predominanceprevalence of non-state groups active in the terrorism that emerged in the wake of World War II is less arguable. The immediate focus onfor such activitiesty primarily mainly shifted from Europe itself to various colonies in the continents.Across the Middle East Asia and Africa, emerging nationalist movements resisted European attempts to resume colonial business as usual after the defeat of the coalition Axis powers.As the colonialists had been recently expelled from or subjugated in their overseas empires by the Japanese, it provided psychological support to such indigenous uprisings by dispelling the myth of European invincibility. Often, these nationalist and anti-colonial groups conducted guerilla warfare, which differed from terrorism mainly in that it tended towards larger bodies of irregulars operating along more along towards military lines than their terrorist partners in the other regions.Similarly in China and Indochina, such forces conducted insurgencies against the Kuomintang regime and the French colonial government respectively. In other places, like the Algeria, campaigns were fought, in both rural and urban areas, using guerilla warfare, for independence from French rule Struggle for independence against British and French rule also took place in Kenya, Malaysia, Cyprus and Palestine. (Both the French and the British bore the brunt of this new wave of terrorism, a consequence of their large pre-war empires). These struggles were conducted by groups who can more readily be described now as terrorist. These groups quickly learned to exploit the mushrooming globalization of the worlds media. According to Hoffman: They were first to recognize the publicity value inherent in terrorism and to choreograph their violence for an audience far beyond the immediate geographical loci of their respective struggles. (Hoffman, 1988). Furthermore, in some cases (such as in Algeria, Cyprus, Kenya and Israel) terrorism perhaps helped such organizations in the successful realization of their goals. As such these nationalist and anti-colonial groups are notable for any wider understanding of terrorism. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, terrorist numbers swelledincreased to include not only nationalists, but also those motivated by ethnic and ideological considerations. Nationalists groupslike the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), and its several affiliates came into existence. Moreover, other groups mushroomed such as the Basque ETA and the Irish Republican Army (IRA). The IRA also comprised of organizations such as the Italian Red Brigade, and the Red Army faction in Germany (then West Germany). With As with the emergence of modern terrorism almost a century earlier, the United States couldwas not remain immune from this latest wave of terrorism, although there the identity-crisis-driven motivations of the white middle-class Weathermen starkly contrasted with the ghetto-bred malcontent of the Black Panther Movement. (Lacqueur, 2001). Many of the terrorist groups of this period readily adopted methods that would allow them to publicize their goals and accomplishments internationally.The Palestinians were among one of the well-known groups who pioneered the hijacking of a jet airliner as a mode of operation and publicity. One such group, Black September, staged what was (until the terrorist attack of 9/11, 2001) perhaps the greatest terrorist publicity coup then seen, with the seizure and murder of 11 Israeli athletes at the 1972 Olympic Games.Such incidents resulted in the Palestinian groups providing the inspiration, in some cases, mentorship and training, for many of the new generation of terrorists organizations. Most of these organizations today have reduced their operations or ceased to exist altogether, whileothers, such as the Palestinian, Northern Irish and Spanish Basque groups, motivated by more enduring causes, remain active today, although some of them now have made moves towards political rather than terrorist methods.Meanwhile, by the mid-1980s, state-sponsored terrorism re-emerged, the catalyst for the series of attacks against American and other Western targets in the Middle East. Countries such as Iran, Iraq, Libya and Syria came to the forefront came to be supposedly believed to be the main sponsors of terrorism as a popular belief. Falling into a related category were those countries, such as North Korea, who directly participated in covert acts of what could be described as terrorism.[xviii] (Guelke, 1998). In the recent years the re-emergence of the religiously inspired terrorist attacks are common. But the state-sponsored terrorism remains a concern of the international community today (especially its Western constituents), although it has been somewhat overshadowed. The latest manifestation of this trend began in 1979, when the revolution that transformed Iran into an Islamic republic; the West blamed Iran to use and support terrorism as a means of propagating its ideals beyond its own borders. (Hoffman, 1988). Very soon the trend had spread to places as far as Japan and the United States, and to other major world religions as well as many minor cults. Sarin gas used in Tokyo subway attack in 1995 may not have been the first breach of the psychological barrier in the use of toxic/chemical agents becausesmallpox-infected clothing was used by the Pilgrim Fathers against the indigenous tribes of North America. Also, plague-infected bodies were launched into besieged cities and used to pollute water supplies in the fourteenth century. The same year Oklahoma bombing took place in USA. At this stage, the complex mix of motivations included religion. But it was the 9/11 al Qaeda attack which made the world realize, particularly the United States, just how risky this latest transformation had become. Contemporary Terrorism At present, terrorism influences events on the international level to a degree which was not previously achieved. This was primarily the outcome of the 9/11 attacks in 2001 on the World Trade Center, which destroyed the symbolic Twin Towers; and threatened the Pentagon. It thus dented the stronghold of America. Most Americans came to believe that an unmatched era of terrorism had erupted and the world had changed forever. Some observers of the event even believed that the daring, yet tragic, events of this particular day should be considered as an epochal moment in the history of the world. (24) (Carr, 2002). Soon after 9/11, US President George Bush declared the start of a Global War on Terrorists: an open-ended war with an undefined terminal objective. In a speech to the Congress, he committed all resources at his disposal, every means of diplomacy, every tool of intelligence, every instrument of law enforcement, and every necessary weapon of war (Bertrand, S, 2003) to defeating Am ericas newest adversary in that nations first war of the twenty-first century. (26)(Mandelbaum, 2001).However, for most people in the world, terrorism was not new and these events, while spectacular and disturbing, did not constitute the dawn of a new era in terrorist activities. On the contrary, the attack became a continuous and developing reality for the world, which was present in different forms for centuries. Hence, for most of the world, terrorism was familiar and acceptable as an additional form of traditional warfare. (Henrichon, 2003). Still, for most North Americans and many other Western observers, the radical novelty of the 9/11 terrorist attacks represented a new form of terrorism for the 21st century. (Deschenes, 2003). Since then, in the United States at least, terrorism has largely been equated to the threat posed by al Qaeda, a threat inflamed not only by the spectacular and deadly nature of the 9/11 attacks themselves, but by the fear that future strikes might be even more deadly and perhaps employ weapons of mass destruction. The worldwide threat of terrorism by al Qaeda and its franchises, to a large extent remained egocentric, and were seen as the rhetoric of the US administration concerning a so-called Global War against Terrorism. This was far from unique, considering the implications that al Qaeda in fact intended to start a global revolution. For instance the general public of countries such as Colombia or Northern Ireland that had long faced terrorism was more preoccupied with when and where the next FARC REVOLUTIONARY ARMED FORCES OF COLOMBIA ( FARC or FARC-EP, is a Marxist-Leninist revolutionary guerrilla organization based in Colombia. They have fought in the ongoing Colombian Civil War for more than 40 years)or Real Irish Republican Army attacks would occur rather than where the next al Qaeda hit will descend. Thus, the above reflections indicate, terrorism goes beyond al Qaeda, which it not only predates but will also outlive. Hence if terrorism is to be tackled efficiently, any consideration of handling it must be seen beyond the threat which is presently posed by this particular organization. Consequently, without a broad-based approach, this threat of terrorism will not only be difficult to resolve, but may become uncontrollable. The Evolution of Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century Terrorism is continuously changing. While at the surface it remains the calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fearit is fast becoming a major strategic tool of the opposing forces. In the twenty-first century, it has become the most predominant irregular warfare strategy. It is easily adaptable to changes in facilities available to the terrorists, in order to operate, acquire finances, and evolve new capabilities; thereby developing a different relationship with the world at large. Two major events in the first half of the twentieth century predisposed the nature of present-day conflicts. The effects of two World Wars inflamed passions and hopes of nationalists throughout the world, and severely damaged the legitimacy of the international order and governments. During the earlier decades of the twentieth century nationalism and radical political ideologies were the major developmental forces acting upon terrorism. After World War I the Treaty of Versailles redrew the map of Europe by breaking up the Austro-Hungarian Empire and thus created new nations. It recognized the rule of self-determination for nationalities and ethnic groups. The minorities and ethnicities not receiving recognition to campaign for independence or autonomy were thus encouraged. Nevertheless, in most cases self-determination was limited to European nations and ethnic groups and deprived the others, especially the colonial assets of the major European powers, creating bitterness and setting the stage for the long conflicts of the anti-colonial period. The Arab nationalists particularly felt that they were betrayed. Believing they were promised post-war independence, they were doubly disappointed: first when the French and British were given authority over their lands; and then especially when the British allowed Zionist immigration into Palestine in keeping with a promise contained in the Balfour Declaration. In the last two decades, terrorists have committed tremendously violent acts for so-called political or religious reasons. Their political ideologies range from the extreme left to the extreme right. For example, the far left can consist of groups such as Marxists and Leninists who propose a revolution of workers led by revolutionary elite. On the distant right, one finds dictatorships which typically believe in an amalgamation of state and business leadership. Consequently, all Arabs have been united in their opposition to the State of Israel and to the Western Powers, particularly the United States. The Western world feel f eels equally a sense of guilt and remorse for the treatment of the Jews during the Second World War. (Berman, 2003). Consequently, the Western powers, under the patronage of the United Nations, have championed the Israeli right to a homeland at the expense of the Palestinians. (Hoffman, 1988). On the other hand, equally important has been the growth of Wahhabism in the Arab World. The indignation of the Wahhabis was initially directed, not against Western and colonial sources, but against those practitioners of Islam whom they believed were degrading and betraying the religion from within. The Wahhabi sect became true Islamic zealots who sought to eliminate anything or anyone who failed to meet the strict standards of their belief of purity and Islamic authenticity. (Hoffman, 1988). Even though initially a creation of eighteenth century Arabian Islam, Wahhabism has flourished because of its association with the ruling parties in most Arab countries. These particular regimes were ins talled by the Western powers when the various countries were created, because these particular Arab leaders had either granted the European powers with legitimacy during their colonial rule of the region; or had supported the Allied armies during the two World Wars. Under the old Arab system, social injustice and power were limited. However, with the new structure of states, the oil wealth, and the prevalence of modern communications, the inequality gap has been widened and the discrepancies have become much more obvious.Hence, lacking any other outlet, new and growing discontents find expression in religious extremist movements (Hoffman, 1988), like the so called Islamic Fundamentalist Muslim Brotherhood and terrorist groups like Al Qaeda. In contrast, for the Palestinian movements, which had concentrated and limited their efforts in the Middle East against Israel and for the repossession and recreation of an independent Palestinian state, these new organizations have a worldwide r each. Their supporters believe that the remedy for all of the ills of modernization is to return to true Islam. This thought process, included the abolition of all laws and social borrowings from the West and the restoration of the Islamic Holy Law, the Sharia (Berman, 2003). Their aim was not only to remove the Western intruders from their homelands; they also wanted to transport their message through violent means into the heart of the Western nations, especially the hegemonic United States, their most dangerous enemies, as they see it, are the false and renegade Muslims who rule the countries of the Islamic world and who have imported and imposed infidel ways on Muslim peoples. (Lewis, 2003). In addition to the traditional terrorist groups, the nationalists, and the religious, the 1980s and 1990s also saw a growth of terrorist groups with a variety of motivations, such as narco-terrorists, eco-terrorists, anti-abortionists, and animal liberationists. Some terrorists were simply m otivated by common criminal activities. (Laqueur, 1999). Religious inspired terrorism has a universal theoretical basis. The patterns of religious violence of the Sikhs could be exactly that of Irish Catholics; or Shiite Muslims in Palestine; or a fundamentalist Christian bomber of abortion clinics in the United States. (Juergensmeyer, 2001). Special interest groups include people on the radical fringe of many legitimate causes; e.g., people who use terrorism to uphold antiabortion views, animal rights, and radical environmentalism. These groups consider that violence is morally justified to achieve their objectives. With the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the end of Cold War in the early 1990s, the features of international terrorism took on a new face. The changing geopolitical situation, following the end of the East-West conflicts, a third radical concept has evolved in the form of twentieth century terrorism. There was no Soviet Union, no Warsaw Pact, no Cold War, and no consensus on what came next. (Lacqueur, 1999). However, it was now clear that the Soviets were no longer available to provide financial support or ammunitions to terrorist organizations or to their sponsoring states. (Bell, 1999).However, instead of retreating into their own nationalistic or religious cocoons, some of these terrorist groups adapted and evolved into truly global transnational organizations. As a result, counter terrorist organizations are not confronting a specific state, nor are they confined to their old norms of understanding and operations. In addition, todays terrorist groups are very well-financed. (Kushner, 1998). Such transnational groups no longer rely on handouts from sponsoring states, but, instead, have developed exceptional methods of gaining and handling their financial resources. Today robbery and ransom are replaced by high-tech criminal businesses, such as growing drugs; fine processing and distribution operations; and, finally, money laundering through legitimate businesses. (Combs, 2003). The modern terrorist is also very well-trained and well-educated. They have not only learnt from their past experiences, but also from military and criminal training methods, and integrated them into their own training programs. The former independence and isolation of many terrorist groups has given way to complex, multilayered, transnational organizational structur es, resembling the corporate hierarchy of a multinational corporation. Lastly and most significantly, todays terrorist groups are said to have access to the knowledge of highly sensitive destructive weapons; and have the ability to use Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs), such as chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weaponry, although use of this type of armaments is still abhorrent to many terrorists. (Schweitzer, 1998). The use of terror has, throughout history, been known as an effective technique to achieve political, criminal, religious and ideological aims. The underlying objective to use the terror was aptly captured by the fourth century BC Chinese strategist, Sun Tzu, kill one, frighten ten thousand. The Anatomy of Terror (Sinclair, 2003) indicates that history is replete with examples of the use of terror in the pursuit of religious aims (e.g. the massacres by the Crusaders); material aims (e.g. the Stranglers of Southern India who terrorized road travellers, and the Mafia); quasi-moral, and ideological aims (e.g. General Bedfords supremacist Ku Klux Klan and the Shining Path); state and political aims (e.g. the Tzarist Okrhana and the Nazi Geheime Staatspolizei); and in the current context, religio-political aims (e.g. Al Qaeda and Hamas). Terror is easier to define than terrorism. Over 100 definitions of terrorism have been evolved. Sinclair gave interesting examples of the early use of biological and chemical agents as means of inducing fear and terror. These include the use of poison gas by the Spartans during the siege of Plataea in 428 BC; the use of smallpox infected materials by the Pilgrim Fathers from England to conquer the indigenous population

Leonard?s Tattoos in Memento Essay -- essays research papers

Leonard’s Tattoos in Memento Memento is a film written by director Christopher Nolan, where Leonard Shelby, an overly confused man wants revenge after his wife's murder. Leonard suffers brain damage rendering him incapable of making new memories; her death is the last thing branded in his mind. Though his affliction keeps him from being able to form new memories, Leonard seeks revenge; to wreak this revenge he must keep notes on even his own life, tattooing himself with important clues. Told in segments that move backwards in time, the audience follow Leonard back through a series of events, learning in each segment what happened previously, things Leonard has already forgotten. To help him with his search, he has evolved a system. He takes Polaroid pictures, putting names to faces, marking which car is his, which hotel room is his. Moreover, to keep certain notes from being lost or changed, he has an elaborate series of tattoos slowly growing all over his body. The largest of these tattoos is written right across Leonard’s chest, written in backwards script so that when he stands in front of a mirror, the main fact is there for him to see: â€Å"John G. Raped and Murdered My Wife.† Below this is another tattoo that reads, â€Å"Find him and kill him.† Scattered across his torso and arms are a collection of facts he has gathered about the case, the points that Leonard thinks are most important. In addition, he has only one tattoo that is visible with clothes in which he is able ...

Use of Real Options Theory in Financial Management/Modeling

At a previous employment environment, the president of the corporation acted on a whim, rather than, conducting a series of testing for his expansion to go into other businesses ventures. Within a few short months, the plan was abandoned for lack of profitability. As an employee, I thought of this as a failure on the owner’s part. However, the Real Options Theory is basically, weighing the outcome for expansion or acquisition utilizing capital investments for future ventures. Consider Real Option theory as a method to remove some of the risk in capital investments. Helpful assistance and decision making can be derived using such charts as the Decision Tree. The decision can be extremely tiresome. Use of Real Options Theory in Financial Management/Modeling Long past are the days, where a company can sit idling waiting for an idea, because while waiting someone else is making the move. The benefits that an older company may experience through experience may not fit into today’s society of technological changes. However, the risk of a company that has existed over 50 years, can they lose to new companies that evolve because of revolutionary changes in the ability to change the course of history. Creating valuable service for consumers and bringing a product or service to market, must be planned to meet the expectations of stockholder profits. Consider the comparison of social networking sites, Myspace and Facebook. Both are considered to be rapidly growing and competitive to increasing in membership. However, rapidly increase the popularity of Facebook and exceeded the expectations within the social network environment. The billion dollar corporation enters the market with more appeal to younger consumer, as well as a variety of other industries. Facebook provided more appeal by allowing the markets to meet the consumer where they were located, rather than wait on the consumer to come to them. As financial managers in the corporate environment decide which project is beneficial to stock holders’, returns on investment, and which should be abandoned or expanded, risk can become a certainty in the outcome. The risk of capital investment in the attempt to take on future debts just because they have a hunch that the business will be a success. The amount of time to construct a business model would save enormous amounts of money before taking on the future project. Gathering data of the competitive market and using past financial accounting statements will be useful, however, with new projects, there will be limitations, but estimation of the percentage values can be constructed. Strategic budgeting and capital investment planning decisions to expand into the future profitability of a company can be agonizing if not properly planned by financial managers. The assets, in addition to capital and distribution, change over long periods of time according to the supply and demand of the consumer markets. The net present value (NPV) of what is available, as far as Return on Assets and the Return on Investment (ROI). Cost projection into buying new equipment, inventory over the long run rather than a short period. Capital resources and budgets are the topics as it relates to using the Real Options Theory in Financial Management Modeling. Financial managers can utilize the Real Options Theory as a series of practical solutions to foresee into the future over several years. New products and the amount of capital to invest as well as the funding needed to make an expansion or either to realize that the project would not work. Theoretically, it is very simple and that many companies would utilize this theory. However, the recap or history of business failures is not seen in the futility of business success. The numbers may not lie. All systems may say go full steam ahead with the plans for expansion; however, there is a business cycle which will prove the business model incorrect. According to Rothbard, (2005), expectation in business fluctuations all the time. There is no need for any special â€Å"cycle theory† to account for them. It is simply the results of changes in economic data and is fully explained by economic theory. Many economists, however, attribute general business depression to â€Å"weaknesses† caused by a â€Å"depression in building† or a â€Å"farm depression. † But declines in specific industries can never ignite a general depression. Shifts in data will cause increases in activity in one field, declines in another. There is nothing here to account for a general business depression — a phenomenon of the true â€Å"business cycle. † It is pointless to say, as many people do, that a farm depression will ignite a general depression, because farmers will buy less goods, the people in industries selling to farmers will buy less, etc. This ignores the fact that people producing the other goods now favored by consumers will prosper; their demands will increase. (2005, pp. 6) Both the entrepreneur and large corporations have ideas to expand into new market. The main goal is company profits, either with or without expansion. Business expansion into other industries or international territories with current business. However great the idea may seem at the Real Options application of theory will conclude how fallible an idea with be in implementation. Payback period, cash flows and internal rate of return, as well as long term debt financing are the foundation of provision for utilizing the real options theory. Major growth will not derive from duplication of products that are already in the market place, but to begin with creating superior quality and improvements. Such as Facebook found a better way for people to communicate over the internet. Before Myspace, there were such things as electronic mail. Facebook, the ability to socialize as well as form groups, and fan pages begin with meager begins on a college campus. However, did the owner plan for this growth or was it happenstance. How does the work into the corporate structure for a welding company or maybe a warehouse which manufactures auto parts? Examining the stream of information within the forums, research and development addressed. According to Ketchen et al, (2007), â€Å"entrepreneurship refers to firms' pursuit of superior performance via simultaneous opportunity-seeking and advantage-seeking activities. Both small and large firms face impediments while pursuing strategic entrepreneurship† (2007, p. 71)In other words, rather an entrepreneur or fortune 500 company, Real Options Theory, should be the focus to starting a new business, taking on expansion or abandoning projects. The only difference will be in the amount of capital investments. Kretchen et al, continues to state, Ketchen, et al, (2007), While small firms' opportunity-seeking skills may be strong, their limited knowledge stocks and lack of market power inhibit their ability to enact the competitive advantages necessary to an appropriate value from opportunities the firms choose to pursue. In contrast, large firms are skilled at establishing ompetitive advantages, but their heavy emphasis on the efficiency of their existing businesses often undermines their ability to continuously explore for additional opportunities. (2007, p. 371) There are many three components in which company financial manager should be interested in the expected return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and debt ratio. Finally, another method of expansion can be with the acquisition of new business that is in operation. As stated by Stefano, Reality is that buyers must have capital available to be competitive in acqu isition negotiations. Accumulating capital may be as simple as retaining earnings in the agency instead of distributing those earnings, which is the equivalent of creating a war chest. The other option is to have a line of credit available from a financial institution. Banks are much more willing to offer financing for acquisitions than in years past. Today many banks are in the insurance business and got there through acquisitions. Insurers are also very supportive of the acquisition process and will uncover acquisition prospects because they like to see their successful agencies growing. Stefano, 2005) As explained by Childs et al, (Sep. , 1998), summarizes several calculation in deductive and calculated reasoning for financial managerial modeling and utilizing the Real Options Theory. They state, â€Å"consider a firm that has the opportunity to invest in two projects (a and b). Investment in each project takes place in two stages: The firm can invest in C1 R (I = a, b) to develop a project, which res olves uncertainty regarding the project’s future profitability; it can then make a further investment of K1, (i= a, b) to implement a project. 1998, p. 308). It is clearly mentions by Childs et al, the â€Å"NPV framework for making capital investment decisions has been extended to recognize the dynamic nature of investment decisions† (Childs, p. 305) According to Miller who goes into greater details of the formulation of providing computations to make a decision, it basically states if one project NPV is greater than 0, then it would be wise to invest in the project or product. Screenshot, (2005, p. 7) Summary Companies can no longer hesitate to make a business decision. However, ecisions that are not planned out utilizing capital assets can also cause undue hardship. It is no longer the large Fortune 500 companies designing the most innovative products and services, but also it can be the small entrepreneur with a grand idea. The markets no longer persuaded by familiar names, but can be mesmerized by new names such as Facebook. Methodology and theoretical planning and measurements can be experimenting with resourceful application s as Real Options Theory. By carefully measuring the logistics of one or more projects and committing or abandoning them all.

Environmental Values Paper Essay

Ecofeminism like other groups advocating the ideals of feminism is a particular distinction applied to women whose great efforts are directed towards the interrelations of society and nature. Greta Claire Gaard (1993) pointed out that the term ecofeminism is â€Å"more descriptive of a concern with cultivating an ecological ethic that goes beyond concepts of social justice† (p. 18). Ecofeminism is defined as â€Å"a value system, a social movement, and a practice, which offers political analysis which explore the links between androcentrism and environmental destruction† (p. 18). In other words, what Claire Gaard is pointing out is that ecofeminism is an awareness that starts with the understanding that the abuse of nature is closely â€Å"linked to Western Man’s attitude toward women† (p. 18). That is, according to Claire Gaard, there is a parallel in men’s thinking between their right to exploit nature, on the one hand, and the use they make of women on the other. Pluralism and environmental pragmatism on the other hand is not new to many of us. Thus, these two were not given much introduction in this paper though they are equally important topic. The most important principles of ecofeminism The most important principle of ecofeminism is to ensure that progress is tempered by an ethic of care for nature, and to create â€Å"sustainable level of progress that respect the needs of nature as well as the true needs of humans† (Meyer, M. K. & Prugl, E. 1999, p. 227). The first principle which emphasized on the care of nature is very important amidst the issue of climate change, globalization, maintaining ecological balance. Today, we are all aware of the enormous environmental problems created by human exploitations and abuses of nature. This includes deforestations through illegal cutting of trees and illegal farming, over fishing, exploitations of mineral reserves, conversion of lands to industrial and residential use, and so forth. Added to these are the burden of carbon dioxide emission of millions of cars around the world which are fast building greenhouse gasses that are creating global warming and climate change. With out ecological balance, our planet is doomed to become like a huge furnace that is no longer fit to live with. The ecofeminist emphasis on the ethic of care for the nature is consistent with the call of ecological scientists for everyone to help preserve our planet through taking care of our environment. Although this principle implies a double meaning, but they are right to say that progress should not be an excuse for environmental abuses and degradation. The other important principle of ecofeminism is to create ‘sustainable level of progress that respects the needs of nature as well as the true needs of humans. ’ Concern for the needs of nature may be different from simply preserving the nature it self, and sustainable level of progress requires careful intervention on the part of the government to implement protective laws that will ensure balance between the uses of ecological product and the sources. That is, with greater demands for these ecological products and with little efforts to replenish them, most of what we have now will soon become extinct. Emphasis on sustainable progress based on the needs of nature and true human needs is very important because it determines our future and the future of our mother earth. The most important principle of pluralism Pluralism confronts us in all aspect of our lives. Plurality pervades our society and it encompasses the different political, ethical, philosophical, religious, and cultural belief of any given society. Two most important principle of pluralism according to Timothy J. Demy and Gary P. Stewart (2000) is the so-called ‘distributive justice and the retributive justice (p. 75). The pluralist principle of distributive justice includes the emphasis on equity, equality, and need. As Barbara Mellers and Jonathan Baron explain, distributive justice is concern with fairness which defines the â€Å"apportionment of rewards, with the goal of facilitating social interaction† (p. 90). In other words, the pluralist principle of distributive justice is concern about equality and that justice and fairness is equally serving to all races regardless of beliefs and all barriers imposed by racist and discriminatory segment of the society. This is very important in our society for us to be able to live peacefully and meaningfully. The other most important pluralist principle is the retributive justice. Retributive justice according to Demy has to do with punishment of the crimes committed. In other words, crimes deserve punishment, â€Å"what one sow is what one reaps. † I believe that this important principle in order for the society to maintain order, peace, and security. State punishments of crimes committed are just as they are within the definition of the law. Retributive justice makes our society orderly, peacefully, and securely for everyone. The most important principle of environmental pragmatism There are perhaps several important principles of environmental pragmatism but due to space limitation, I only discuss in this paper the most important one. This principle is that, â€Å"the environmental issues have important value and ethical components that must be addressed in the formulation of environment policy† (Minteer, B. A. & Manning, R. E. 2003, p. 220). This principle is true not only in the context of the writer but in the context of the reality that confronts us, regarding the problem of global warming and climate change. In this context, environmental issues are very important in the formulation of environment policy because it concerns the future of our society and the future of our world. Which principle best complement my values and ethical beliefs regarding environmental issues. While ecofeminism provides us understanding about how sustainable level of progress can be attained with out abusing the environment, and the principle of pluralism showed us the way to live a peaceful life and secure life, but it is the principle of environmental pragmatism that best complement my values and ethical beliefs regarding environmental issues. I would like to emphasize further this view by entreating everyone wherever part of the globe to be environmentally conscious. As for me, I firmly believe that all environmental issues are important issues that can affect our lives not only in our generation but also the next generations and onwards. We must all be aware of the impact of pollution that we tossed up in to the atmosphere and try to do our part to stop the things that pollutes our society, and our planet. Let us rally our selves in support of the effort of preventing global warming and climate change to get worse.I believe it not to late yet to act on this problem. References Demy, T. J. & Stewart, G. P. (2000) Politics and Public Policy USA: Kregel Publication Gaard, G. C. (1993) Ecofeminism USA: Temple University Press Mellers, B. A. & Baron, J. (1993) Psychological Perspective son Justice USA: Cambridge University Press Meyer, M. K. & Prugl, E. (1999) Gender Politics in Global Governance USA: Rowman & Littlefield Minteer, B. A. & Manning, R. E. 2003, p. 220 Reconstructing Conservation USA: Island Press

Lifetime of student debt Essay Example

Lifetime of student debt Essay Example Lifetime of student debt Essay Lifetime of student debt Essay Zeinab Abdel-Hak October 28th, 2013 ENG 1010 Differences In Our Societys Eating Habits When it comes to the topic of nutrition, most of us agree that in order to live a long healthy life one must eat right and choose nutritious alternatives to preserved and fast food products. The incredibly complicated and confusing question of what we humans should eat in order to be maximally healthy is a huge problem that lingers in our every day lives. In recent discussions of nutrition, a controversial issue has been whether obesity is determined by the food industry or the way we eat. Some are onvinced that trusting yourself and your body will lead to better choices, others argue that eating food in moderation and more fruits and vegetables is the path to choose. In this day and age, there are many different debates on what one can do to eat healthier and make better decisions in regard to diet. Many people have proposed their own theories and advice on beginning a healthier lifestyle, such as Mary Maxfleld and Michael Pollan. In her essay Food as Thought: Resisting the Moralization of Eating, Mary Maxfield, a famous blogger insists most wont go for the healthy foods if we are aught to eat like the Western Diet has taught us. Maxfield states, Trust yourself. Trust your body. Meet your needs (446). In my point of view, Maxfield is saying we have as much facts about eating healthy as we do common sense, hinting that Americans dont know much when it comes to healthy eating habits, food should not be seen as a negative thing. My view on the benefits of healthy eating is that you can eat what you want to, but in moderation. If you notice your pants are starting to not fit, and are sure its not a growth spurt then I claim there is something wrong with our diet. Meet your needs. If you are an athlete, eat like one. Todays population does not have the best opportunity to eat healthy. Every street corner is practically filled with quick and easy fast food Joints to satisfy ones hunger. Culture is what took food and demoralized it. Food cant be right or wrong, it is simply what is good or bad for you. What one chooses to eat is merely up to them. Today, food choice, toxic food ingredients, nutritional deficiencies, and lack of exercise cause a gigantic percent of all chronic disease. There needs to be changes in how we go about our daily diet. When it comes to the issue of the Western diet, Michael Pollan, agrees that diet shouldnt be about the science, counting this nutrient and avoiding that nutrient. In his essay Escape from the Western Diet, Pollan reports that the science of nutrition is focusing on specific nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids and carbohydrates and that this only satisfies our hunger for a simple, one-nutrient explanation. What Pollan means is that a single nutrient isnt going to change the Western diet and the illness he Western diet may cause is simply done by not eating the Western diet and cutting down on processed foods. Pollan introduces his response to a new way of eating healthier known as nutritionalism; a way of life in which people choose real, well grown, and unprocessed food over fast food or processed food with certain preservatives. He proposes three rules to avoid the Western diet. Eat f ood. Not too much. Mostly plants (440). The Western diet is easy, fast, and cheap. At the same time, fast food is more cost efficient and less time consuming. Although, eating healthier would definitely take more time and work, exercising, growing your own food, and consistently choosing the right kinds of food will help create a happier and healthier society. Society needs to make better food choices in order to decrease obesity rates and build a healthier environment. Pollans aim to persuade the audience that knowing the scientific breakdown of nutrients isnt going to help you avoid the Western diet and Americas bad eating habits. His claim is to not eat much food, and mostly plants. There is a lot of advice out there about helping people eat better, and making smarter health decisions. My formula for eating would simply be eating whatever I like, but in balance. There is nothing wrong with treating yourself to a good treat or a nice carb filled dinner if you do it every once in a while. My outlook of the basics ofa healthy lifestyle is maintaining a good exercising schedule, eating fairly, and getting the necessary fruit and vegetables needed in a normal diet. Also, the amount of food you consume in one sitting can play a major role in a healthy diet. Eating small portions about 5 times a day is a perfect way to maintain food consumption. However, while food regulation is extremely important, so are beverages. It is crucial to stay away from sugar filled beverages when obtaining a healthy lifestyle. Sugary drinks are one of the main culprits behind the obesity epidemic. It is best to drink water, fat-free milk, or one percent milk. My formula for eating is pretty easy to follow; one can still enjoy a good slice of cake and some ice cream as long as it is all in acceptable balance. All of this being said, there are many different basics for healthy living in society today. Although they all may not be accurate, there are many different paths one can take to achieve a healthy lifestyle. Now that you have seen what a balanced diet should be, some of the aspects of life that health and diet affects, I hope that it has helped you to understand why health and diet are so important in everyones lives. Mary Maxfield and Michael Pollans theories differ in their formula of eating, but both have very interesting points regarding our societys well-being and nutrition lifestyles.